Until the early 1990s, it was presumed that dietary calcium intake should be limited for preventing the onset and recurrence of calcium kidney stone formation, assuming that frequent consumption of milk and dairy products could unfavorably influence urinary calcium excretion. However, a prospective investigation conducted on 45,619 men without baseline history of kidney stones, published in 1993, showed an inverse relationship between baseline dietary calcium intake, assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the risk of incident symptomatic kidney stone disease after a 4-year follow-up period.
