Medical Images
Acute Esophageal Necrosis Presenting as Acute Blood Loss Anemia
An elderly male with coronary artery disease as well as atrial fibrillation on rivaroxaban presented following a syncopal episode. Workup revealed acute non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Aspirin and clopidogrel were administered followed by coronary angiography. Twelve hours after his procedure, he developed delirium, fever, tachycardia, and hypotension. Urgent chest computed tomography revealed acute subsegmental pulmonary emboli for which heparin drip was initiated. Empiric antibiotics were also started due to concern for sepsis; ultimately, no infectious source was identified.Mounier-Kuhn With Multiple Diverticula
A male in his 60s, nonsmoker, with history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia repair, and recurrent bronchitis presented to an otolaryngology subspecialty clinic with 1 month of mild dyspnea. Office bronchoscopy identified a paratracheal diverticulum and abnormal scar tissue in the mainstem bronchi bilaterally. The trachea demonstrated posterior scar bands with intermittent dilations (Figure 1). Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a 44×18–mm cystic, extrapulmonary lesion along the right side of the trachea, as well as tracheobronchomegaly (Figure 2).Polypoid Corditis: Reinke Edema of the Larynx
Polypoid corditis (also called Reinke edema) is a benign condition that arises in chronic smokers. The Reinke space is the loose connective tissue directly subjacent to the basement membrane of the squamous-lined true vocal fold. Devoid of glandular tissue and lymphatic channels, this area is prone to react to trauma, either due to smoke, excessive phonation, or otherwise. Given the lack of lymphatic channels, the tissue may become edematous with increased vascularization, so-called Reinke edema, and may manifest clinically as a polypoid projection into the airway.Shiitake Flagellate Dermatitis
A man in his early 70s presented with a 3-day history of intensely pruritic erythematous papules and papular vesicular eruption arranged in a flagellate pattern on his neck, trunk, (Figure 1), and extremities with no general symptoms. On questioning, he had eaten undercooked shiitake mushrooms 2 days before the onset of the cutaneous lesions. Laboratory investigation was unremarkable. A skin biopsy revealed spongiosis, marked papillary dermal edema, and a dermal perivascular inflammatory infiltrate mainly composed of lymphocytes and eosinophils.Thyroid Dermopathy and Acropachy
A 58-year-old man with a 9-year history of gradually worsening and disabling hand and feet swelling, with associated burning pain, is followed in Dermatology. He developed Graves disease 20 years ago, treated with radioactive iodine, and Graves ophthalmopathy treated with surgical decompression and tarsorrhaphy 8 years ago. He is a former smoker. Examination revealed disfiguring hypertrophic, firm, skin-colored overgrowth, and nonpitting edema of hands (Figure 1; Supplemental Figure, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org ) and feet (Figure 2).Pustular Psoriasis
A woman in her 60s with no past dermatologic history presented with a 4-month history of a pustular eruption. Before onset she had received steroid injections for cervical radiculopathy, but there were no other new medications or illnesses. Dermatologic exam showed more than 90% body surface area involvement with erythematous patches studded with pustules and diffuse skin sloughing (Figure 1) (Supplemental Figure 1, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org ). Skin biopsy specimens showed subcorneal neutrophilic pustules with hypogranulosis (Figure 2).Disseminated Bullous Impetigo in an Adult With Atopic Dermatitis Flare
A man in his mid-20s with a history of atopic dermatitis presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of a worsening painful and pruritic generalized rash. Examination revealed erythematous erosions on the trunk and limbs with shallow bullae (Figure 1; Supplemental Figure 1, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org ) and absence of Nikolsky sign.Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis in Association With Crohn Disease
A man in his 50s with a 3-year history of Crohn disease presented with a 1-week history of pruritic blistering on the trunk and extremities. Examination revealed tense vesicles arranged in annular pattern on the nape, upper back, and extensor side of the upper arms (Figure 1). No new medications were initiated in the past 3 months, including antibiotics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A skin biopsy from the right upper arm showed a subepidermal blister with neutrophilic infiltrates at the basement membrane and papillary dermis.Pityriasis Amiantacea
A woman in her early 30s presented with a 2-month history of a spontaneous nonpruritic rash on her frontal scalp, which progressed to her temporal scalp. She had no history of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, or eczema. Examination revealed thick adherent yellow scales on the frontal, temporal, and vertex scalp with associated nonscarring alopecia (Figures 1 and 2).Gardner Syndrome With Breast Desmoid Tumors
A young woman with familial adenomatosis polyposis presented with a history of pain and progressive enlargement of bilateral breast masses for a decade. She was diagnosed with left breast desmoid tumor via percutaneous biopsy and has since undergone multiple additional percutaneous breast biopsies and surgical excisional biopsies. She underwent multiple treatment regimens for recurrent bilateral breast desmoid tumors, including methotrexate/vinblastine, tamoxifen, doxorubicin, sunitinib, and pazopanib, with ultimate disease progression for all therapies.Breakthrough Invasive Fusarium Orbital Rhinosinusitis With Meningitis
A patient around 70 years of age with a history of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and previously treated pulmonary aspergillosis receiving voriconazole prophylaxis was admitted for initiation of induction therapy before proceeding with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Because of drug interactions and QTc prolongation, voriconazole was transitioned to isavuconazole prophylaxis on admission. On day 13 of chemotherapy, the patient became hypotensive and febrile to 38.5° C, and acute left eye and facial pain with sinus congestion developed.Historical Treatment of Cavitary Tuberculosis
Two patients in their 80s were undergoing evaluation for valvular heart disease. They endorsed remote history of cavitary tuberculosis that was treated in their 20s. Both patients remained free of reactivation tuberculosis since. The first patient’s chest radiograph showed left upper lobe collapse created by multiple polyethylene balls (each <1 inch in diameter) tightly packed in the extrapleural space of the left upper hemithorax (Figure A). The second patient’s radiograph showed a large, densely calcified opacity in the right upper hemithorax with complete collapse of the right upper lobe caused by extrapleural injection of paraffin oil (Figure B).Morphologic and Clinical Features of Acute on Chronic Valproate Toxicity
An individual with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome developed pancytopenia. Peripheral smear showed red cell macrocytosis with stomatocytes and well-granulated pseudo Pelger-Huet neutrophils (Figure A).Patent Ductus Arteriosus Can Coexist With Pulmonary Sequestration in Adults, Conditioning Pulmonary Hypertension
A woman in her early 40s attended the hospital for dyspnea. Her chest radiograph revealed cardiomegaly, prominence of the cone of the pulmonary artery, and hyperflow (Figure A). The electrocardiogram revealed growth of the atrium and right ventricle. The chest computed tomography angiogram depicted right intralobar pulmonary sequestration (PS) with a patent ductus arteriosus (Figure B); the blood supply of the sequestrum originated from the abdominal aorta with venous drainage toward the pulmonary vein and the left atrium (Figure C and D).Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm: A Rare Cause of Chest Pain to Keep in Mind
A man in his 80s presented with sharp central chest pain, diaphoresis, and dyspnea. He had a remote history of coronary artery bypass graft. Results of the physical examination were unremarkable, and initial vital signs were stable. Electrocardiogram was unrevealing. Troponins were elevated and flat. He was initiated on intravenous nitroglycerin, after which his symptoms resolved. However, his blood pressure decreased to a minimal systolic of 76 and diastolic of 50 mm Hg. Because of the resolution of his symptoms, immediate angiography was deferred, and the patient was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit.Follicular Thyroid Cancer With Ocular Metastasis in a Patient With a Pathogenic Germline Variant in the Checkpoint Kinase 2 (CHEK2) Gene
A very young child in the first few years of life presented with an asymptomatic right neck mass. Neck ultrasound showed heterogeneous enlargement of the right thyroid lobe, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosed the mass as benign; the patient was biochemically euthyroid. She underwent right hemithyroidectomy, and the pathology was reported as multinodular goiter with lymphocytic thyroiditis (Figure A-C). Two years later, she was found to have significant left-eye visual loss with photophobia.Middle-Aged Male With Melorheostosis
A middle-aged male presented with gross enlargement of his lower right extremity (Figure 1). There was past medical history of Histiocytosis X, Parkes-Weber syndrome, and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Radiographs show extensive periosteal and endosteal thickening involving multiple bones of the right lower extremity (Figure 2). Below knee amputation was performed and gross photographs reveal dense cortical bone overgrowth, entirely obliterating the intramedullary cavity (Supplemental Figure 1, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org ).Rumpel Leede Sign
A man between 60 and 70 years of age with a history of HIV, hepatitis C, and intravenous drug use acutely developed a petechial rash on the second day of his hospitalization for complex visual hallucinations. Examination revealed a sharply well-demarcated area of confluent, nonblanchable petechiae on his right, mid-upper arm extending distally to his fingertips (Figure and Supplementary Figure 1, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org ).Thinking Beyond the Marrow: Deceptive Presentation of a Rare Malignant Neoplasm
A middle-aged man presented with vague abdominal and chest pain. Laboratory results suggested anemia. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy, sclerotic bone lesions, hypointense liver masses, and pancreatic body/tail mass. Left iliac bone biopsy revealed patchy bone marrow involvement by cords of atypical cells with eccentrically placed nuclei and plump eosinophilic cytoplasm (Figure A and B), associated with extensive “stromal injury” and residual trilineage hematopoiesis.Bullous Tinea Pedis
A woman in her 70s presented with a skin eruption on the left dorsal foot that had developed spontaneously 2 weeks before. The rash initially appeared with pruritic papules that evolved to fluid-filled blisters and persisted despite self-treatment with topical hydrocortisone 1% cream and antibiotic ointment. Examination revealed an erythematous plaque with tense and denuded bullae (Figure 1). She received oral cephalexin for presumed bullous impetigo. Bacterial culture and herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab results were negative.Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia Resulting in Displacement of the Cervicomedullary Junction
A man in his 60s presented with a 6-month history of progressive gait instability, changes in speech, and dysequilibrium. Neurologic examination revealed an ataxic dysarthria, reduced palate elevation on the right, and marked truncal ataxia with postural instability. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a dolichoectatic right-dominant vertebrobasilar system with mass effect resulting in flattening of the ventral medulla and displacement of the cervicomedullary junction (Figure). Extensive evaluation to explore genetic, infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative causes of progressive ataxia was unrevealing.Rectal Condyloma Acuminatum
A woman between 70 and 80 years of age with a history of cervical cancer presented with changes in bowel habit. The patient took prednisolone for cardiac sarcoidosis. Colonoscopy revealed a 20-mm flat, whitish lesion with diffuse reddish speckles in the lower rectum (Figure 1). Based on the medical history and endoscopic findings, we suspected rectal condyloma acuminatum. However, biopsy results could not provide a definitive diagnosis; thus, we performed endoscopic submucosal dissection for excisional biopsy.Primary Follicular Lymphoma in the Small Intestine: A Rare Cause of Bowel Obstruction
A woman between 60 and 70 years of age experienced nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain radiating throughout the abdomen for several days. Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness with epigastric prominence, without peritoneal irritation. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) showed dilatation of the small intestine and two points of bowel obstruction due to intestinal wall thickening (Figure 1A, arrow), increased mesenteric fatty tissue (Figure 1B), and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (Figure 1B, arrowhead).Half-and-Half Toenails
A man in the later decades of life was referred for uncontrolled type 2 diabetes that had persisted for 37 years. The patient had a medical history of stage 4 chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Laboratory tests showed high levels of urea nitrogen (37.3 mg/dL [reference range, 8 to 24 mg/dL]; to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.357), creatinine (3.18 mg/dL [0.74 to 1.35 mg/dL]; to convert to μmol/L, multiply by 88.4), and hemoglobin A1c (8.8% [4.0% to 5.6%]) and deteriorated estimated glomerular filtration rate (16.0 mL/min per 1.73 m2).Pulmonary Cystic Echinococcosis
A male in his seventh decade of life with prostate cancer in remission and no smoking history presented with 3 months of nonproductive cough. Chest imaging showed a lobulated left lower lobe pulmonary nodule measuring 2.8 cm in greatest dimension (Supplemental Figure, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org ). Given concern for malignancy, the patient was referred for surgical resection. In the operating room, a spherical cystic lesion was visualized in the lung parenchyma and carefully excised.
