Medical Images
Historical Treatment of Cavitary Tuberculosis
Two patients in their 80s were undergoing evaluation for valvular heart disease. They endorsed remote history of cavitary tuberculosis that was treated in their 20s. Both patients remained free of reactivation tuberculosis since. The first patient’s chest radiograph showed left upper lobe collapse created by multiple polyethylene balls (each <1 inch in diameter) tightly packed in the extrapleural space of the left upper hemithorax (Figure A). The second patient’s radiograph showed a large, densely calcified opacity in the right upper hemithorax with complete collapse of the right upper lobe caused by extrapleural injection of paraffin oil (Figure B).Morphologic and Clinical Features of Acute on Chronic Valproate Toxicity
An individual with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome developed pancytopenia. Peripheral smear showed red cell macrocytosis with stomatocytes and well-granulated pseudo Pelger-Huet neutrophils (Figure A).Patent Ductus Arteriosus Can Coexist With Pulmonary Sequestration in Adults, Conditioning Pulmonary Hypertension
A woman in her early 40s attended the hospital for dyspnea. Her chest radiograph revealed cardiomegaly, prominence of the cone of the pulmonary artery, and hyperflow (Figure A). The electrocardiogram revealed growth of the atrium and right ventricle. The chest computed tomography angiogram depicted right intralobar pulmonary sequestration (PS) with a patent ductus arteriosus (Figure B); the blood supply of the sequestrum originated from the abdominal aorta with venous drainage toward the pulmonary vein and the left atrium (Figure C and D).Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm: A Rare Cause of Chest Pain to Keep in Mind
A man in his 80s presented with sharp central chest pain, diaphoresis, and dyspnea. He had a remote history of coronary artery bypass graft. Results of the physical examination were unremarkable, and initial vital signs were stable. Electrocardiogram was unrevealing. Troponins were elevated and flat. He was initiated on intravenous nitroglycerin, after which his symptoms resolved. However, his blood pressure decreased to a minimal systolic of 76 and diastolic of 50 mm Hg. Because of the resolution of his symptoms, immediate angiography was deferred, and the patient was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit.Follicular Thyroid Cancer With Ocular Metastasis in a Patient With a Pathogenic Germline Variant in the Checkpoint Kinase 2 (CHEK2) Gene
A very young child in the first few years of life presented with an asymptomatic right neck mass. Neck ultrasound showed heterogeneous enlargement of the right thyroid lobe, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosed the mass as benign; the patient was biochemically euthyroid. She underwent right hemithyroidectomy, and the pathology was reported as multinodular goiter with lymphocytic thyroiditis (Figure A-C). Two years later, she was found to have significant left-eye visual loss with photophobia.Middle-Aged Male With Melorheostosis
A middle-aged male presented with gross enlargement of his lower right extremity (Figure 1). There was past medical history of Histiocytosis X, Parkes-Weber syndrome, and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Radiographs show extensive periosteal and endosteal thickening involving multiple bones of the right lower extremity (Figure 2). Below knee amputation was performed and gross photographs reveal dense cortical bone overgrowth, entirely obliterating the intramedullary cavity (Supplemental Figure 1, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org ).Rumpel Leede Sign
A man between 60 and 70 years of age with a history of HIV, hepatitis C, and intravenous drug use acutely developed a petechial rash on the second day of his hospitalization for complex visual hallucinations. Examination revealed a sharply well-demarcated area of confluent, nonblanchable petechiae on his right, mid-upper arm extending distally to his fingertips (Figure and Supplementary Figure 1, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org ).Thinking Beyond the Marrow: Deceptive Presentation of a Rare Malignant Neoplasm
A middle-aged man presented with vague abdominal and chest pain. Laboratory results suggested anemia. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy, sclerotic bone lesions, hypointense liver masses, and pancreatic body/tail mass. Left iliac bone biopsy revealed patchy bone marrow involvement by cords of atypical cells with eccentrically placed nuclei and plump eosinophilic cytoplasm (Figure A and B), associated with extensive “stromal injury” and residual trilineage hematopoiesis.Bullous Tinea Pedis
A woman in her 70s presented with a skin eruption on the left dorsal foot that had developed spontaneously 2 weeks before. The rash initially appeared with pruritic papules that evolved to fluid-filled blisters and persisted despite self-treatment with topical hydrocortisone 1% cream and antibiotic ointment. Examination revealed an erythematous plaque with tense and denuded bullae (Figure 1). She received oral cephalexin for presumed bullous impetigo. Bacterial culture and herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab results were negative.
