Abstract
Objective
To evaluate trends in the incidence of kidney stones and characteristics associated
with changes in the incidence rate over 3 decades.
Patients and Methods
Adult stone formers in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1984, to December
31, 2012, were validated and characterized by age, sex, stone composition, and imaging
modality. The incidence of kidney stones per 100,000 person-years was estimated. Characteristics
associated with changes in the incidence rate over time were assessed using Poisson
regression models.
Results
There were 3224 confirmed symptomatic (stone seen), 606 suspected symptomatic (no
stone seen), and 617 incidental asymptomatic kidney stone formers. The incidence of
confirmed symptomatic kidney stones increased from the year 1984 to 2012 in both men
(145 to 299/100,000 person-years; incidence rate ratio per 5 years, 1.14, P<.001) and women (51 to 217/100,000 person-years; incidence rate ratio per 5 years,
1.29, P<.001). Overall, the incidence of suspected symptomatic kidney stones did not change,
but that of asymptomatic kidney stones increased. Utilization of computed tomography
for confirmed symptomatic stones increased from 1.8% in 1984 to 77% in 2012; there
was a corresponding higher increased incidence of symptomatic small stones (≤3 mm)
than of larger stones (>3 mm). Confirmed symptomatic kidney stones with documented
spontaneous passage also increased. The incidence of kidney stones with unknown composition
increased more than that of stones with known composition.
Conclusion
The incidence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic kidney stones has increased dramatically.
The increased utilization of computed tomography during this period may have improved
stone detection and contributed to the increased kidney stone incidence.
Abbreviations and Acronyms:
COD (calcium oxalate dihydrate), COM (calcium oxalate monohydrate), CT (computed tomography), IRR (incidence rate ratio)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: February 06, 2018
Footnotes
Grant Support: The work was supported by grants DK100227 and DK83007 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (Mayo Clinic O’Brien Urology Research Center) and made possible by grant AG034676 from the Rochester Epidemiology Project from the National Institutes of Health, US Public Health Service. The funding sources had no role in the study design, conduct, or reporting.
Potential Competing Interests: Dr McCollough received research support from Siemens Healthcare unrelated to this study. The rest of the authors report no competing interests.
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