Abstract
Objective
Mental health and emotional disorders are often associated with higher mortality risk.
Whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) reduces the risk for all-cause mortality
in individuals with emotional distress is not well known.
Patients and Methods
Participants were 5240 men (mean age 46.5±9.5 years) with emotional distress (including
depression, anxiety, thoughts of suicide, or a history of psychiatric or psychological
counseling) who completed an extensive medical examination between 1987 and 2002,
and were followed for all-cause mortality through December 31, 2003. Cardiorespiratory
fitness was quantified as maximal treadmill exercise test duration and was grouped
for analysis as low, moderate, and high. Cox proportional hazards regression was used
to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.
Results
During a median of 8.7 years (range, 1.0-16.9 years) and 46,217 person-years of follow-up,
there were 128 deaths from any cause. Age- and examination year–adjusted all-cause
mortality rates per 10,000 person-years according to low, moderate, and high CRF groups
were 64.7 (95% CI, 44.9-89.3), 28.0 (95% CI, 23.8-31.5), and 19.6 (95% CI, 17.1-21.6)
(trend P<.001) in men who reported any emotional distress. Overall, the multivariable-adjusted
HRs and 95% CIs across incremental CRF categories were 1.00 (referent), 0.54 (0.32-0.90),
and 0.47 (0.26-0.85), linear trend P =.03.
Conclusion
Among men with emotional distress, higher CRF is associated with lower risk of dying,
independent of other clinical mortality predictors. Our findings underscore the importance
of promoting physical activity to maintain a healthful level of CRF in individuals
with emotional distress.
Abbreviations and Acronyms:
ACLS (Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study), BMI (body mass index), CRF (cardiorespiratory fitness), CVD (cardiovascular disease), HR (hazard ratio), NDI (National Death Index)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article Info
Publication History
Published online: May 09, 2017
Footnotes
Grant Support: This study was supported by grants AG06945 , HL62508 , and DK088195 from the National Institutes of Health ; and through EXTRA funds from the Norwegian Extra Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation , the Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority , the K.G. Jebsen Foundation , and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (L.E.).
Potential Competing Interests: Dr Steven Blair has received an unrestricted research grant from the Coca-Cola Company.
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