Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of urine aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and perilipin
2 (PLIN2) concentrations to diagnose clear cell or papillary renal cell carcinoma
(RCC) by comparing urine concentrations of these unique biomarkers in patients with
RCC, noncancer renal masses, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer.
Methods
From February 1, 2012, through October 31, 2012, preoperative urine samples were obtained
from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of RCC based on an imaged renal mass, prostate
cancer, or transitional cell bladder cancer. Imaged renal masses were diagnosed postnephrectomy—as
malignant or benign—by histology. Urine AQP1 and PLIN2 concentrations were measured
by using a sensitive and specific Western blot and normalized to urine creatinine
concentration.
Results
Median concentrations of urine AQP1 and PLIN2 in patients with clear cell and papillary
RCC (n=47) were 29 and 36 relative absorbance units/mg urine creatinine, respectively.
In contrast, median concentrations in patients with bladder cancer (n=22) and prostate
cancer (n=27), patients with chromophobe tumors (n=7), and patients with benign renal
oncocytomas (n=9) and angiomyolipomas (n=7) were all less than 10 relative absorbance
units/mg urine creatinine (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<.001 vs RCC for both biomarkers) and comparable with those in healthy controls. The
area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.99 to 1.00 for
both biomarkers.
Conclusion
These results support the specificity and sensitivity of urine AQP1 and PLIN2 concentrations
for RCC. These novel tumor-specific proteins have high clinical validity and high
potential as specific screening biomarkers for clear cell and papillary RCC as well
as in the differential diagnosis of imaged renal masses.
Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00851994
Abbreviations and Acronyms:
ANOVA (analysis of variance), AQP1 (aquaporin 1), PLIN2 (perilipin 2), RCC (renal cell carcinoma)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article Info
Footnotes
Grant Support: This study was supported by the Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine ; the Bear Cub Fund of Washington University ; a grant from the Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation as a subaward of the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Science (grant no. UL1 TR000448 ) and a grant from the National Cancer Institute (grant no. R01CA141521 ) (each to J.J.M.); and the Department of Urology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine.
Potential Competing Interests: Washington University has a patent application for the use of aquaporin 1 and perilipin 2 to diagnose kidney cancer.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
