Abstract
Objective
Participants and Methods
Results
Conclusion
Abbreviations and Acronyms:
AHTUS (American Heritage Time Use Study), CVD (cardiovascular disease), FAO/WHO/UNU (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, and United Nations University), MET (metabolic equivalent tasks), MOC (mothers with older children), MYC (mothers with younger children), NCD (noncommunicable disease), PA (physical activity), PA-h/wk (hours of PA per week), PAEE (PA energy expenditure), SED (sedentary behaviors), SED-h/wk (hours of SED per week), TV (television)Participants and Methods
Allocation of Time
PA and SED Variables
Relative Allocation of Time Across the Study Period
Maternal Subcategories and Employment Status
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure
Energy Expenditure and Body Mass
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. CDC website. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/index.htm. Updated September 24, 2013. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Statistical Analyses
Results
Time Allocated to PA


Time Allocated to SED
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure

Trends in Time Reallocation and PA Displacement

Discussion
Maternal PA, SED, and Health
Maternal Employment PA, SED, and Health
Bianchi S, Wight V, Raley S. Maternal employment and family caregiving: rethinking time with children in the ATUS. Paper presented at: ATUS Early Results Conference; December 9, 2005; Bethesda, MD. http://www.atususers.umd.edu/wip2/papers/Bianchi.pdf. Accessed October 24, 2013.
Bianchi S, Wight V, Raley S. Maternal employment and family caregiving: rethinking time with children in the ATUS. Paper presented at: ATUS Early Results Conference; December 9, 2005; Bethesda, MD. http://www.atususers.umd.edu/wip2/papers/Bianchi.pdf. Accessed October 24, 2013.
Maternal Inactivity, Obesity, and Health
Intergenerational Transmission of Inactivity and Disease
- Elia M.
- Betts P.
- Jackson D.M.
- Mulligan J.
Bianchi S, Wight V, Raley S. Maternal employment and family caregiving: rethinking time with children in the ATUS. Paper presented at: ATUS Early Results Conference; December 9, 2005; Bethesda, MD. http://www.atususers.umd.edu/wip2/papers/Bianchi.pdf. Accessed October 24, 2013.
Edwards T. Stay-at-home moms are more likely younger, Hispanic and foreign-born than other mothers. US Census Bureau website. http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/families_households/cb09-132.html. Published October 1, 2009. Updated July 12, 2013. Accessed 04/16/2013.
Implications for Public Health Policy
Strengths and Limitations of the Study
The Nielsen Company. Nielsen Media Research: Average Daily Viewing; 1950-2005. The Nielsen Company website. http://nielsen.com/us/en/measurement/television-measurement.html. Accessed March 6, 2012.
Centre for Time Use Research website. http://www.timeuse.org/. Accessed September 14, 2012.
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Supplemental Online Material
References
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Article Info
Footnotes
For editorial comment, see page 1350
Grant Support: This study was funded via an unrestricted research grant from The Coca-Cola Company . Dr Hébert is supported by an Established Investigator Award in Cancer Prevention and Control from the Cancer Training Branch of the National Cancer Institute ( K05 CA136975 ). Dr Thomas is supported by The Herman and Margaret Sokol Institute for Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Fellowship and National Institutes of Health grants R15 DK090739 and U01 DK094418 .
Potential Competing Interests: Dr Blair receives book royalties (<$5000/y) from Human Kinetics; honoraria for service on the scientific/medical advisory boards for Clarity Consultants, Technogym USA Corp, Santech, and Jenny Craig; and honoraria for lectures and consultations from scientific, educational, and lay groups, which are donated to the University of South Carolina or not-for-profit organizations. Dr Blair is a consultant on research projects with the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School and the University of Miami. During the past 5-year period. Dr Blair has received research grants from The Coca-Cola Company, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Defense .